Racial differences in health outcomes and their social, historical, and epigenetic origins. The biological impact of the experience of racism on Black, Indigenous, Asian, and Latinx people as well as newly acculturating immigrants. How the stress of racism, trauma, stigma, and marginalization is codified in biological systems including increased inflammation; changes in gene expression; alterations in immune function; placental functioning; telomere shortening, physiological 'weathering'; and possible changes in life history. Research on what is and how to build resiliency and mechanisms for managing chronic stress.
